Incorporating waste plastic bottles in the construction industry also is a crucial way to solve the issue of insufficient plastic waste disposal. The main objectives of this module to provide guidance to las in sri lanka and officials who engage in swm activities. Plastic waste in the oceans is increasingly touching the public consciousness. Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and management. Life in marine debris including a comprehensive list of species with. Solid waste management notes pdf swm notes pdf book starts with the topics waste collection, from low and mediumrise apartments, landfill technique, types of landfill, landfills for commingled msw. Extension of waste data collection, including new data on circularity of plastics. Nov 15, 2019 stop the use of plastic bags and use bags of degradable materials like paper and cloth. Based on available data, it is estimated that a small portion of all the plastic waste generated in california is recycled into new products, while the majority is disposed of in landfills. The seventh type will no longer point a physical nonconformity or a defective product, but a nonconformity regarding a client requirement or expectation. A study of plastic waste management effectiveness in indonesia. There is more to plastic that you may have known the term plastic is such a generic term, covering a wide range of material. It predominantly includes food wastes, yard wastes, containers and product packaging, and other miscellaneous inorganic wastes from residential, commercial, institutional.
Factors that currently limit mechanical recycling include. Over 50% of states report a hab every year in a freshwater body, and all coastal states report habs in marine waters 6 habs are caused by organisms called phytoplankton, some of which can produce toxins 7,8. Different types of plastic waste recycling plastic. Rain boots, shoes, hollow toys, balls, large pipes and tubes etc. Municipal solid waste, commonly known as trash or garbage us, refuse or rubbish uk is a waste type consisting of everyday items we consume and discard. Plastics that are made up of heterochain polymers contain o, n, s in their backbone chains, in addition to c.
Policy responses to plastic waste come in many forms and. To give practical help to see waste hiding in plain sight. Solid waste can create significant health problems and a very unpleasant living environment if not disposed of safely and. Stop the use of plastic bags and use bags of degradable materials like paper and cloth. Each of these waste types is examined separately below. Jul 30, 2018 our experience with plastic has given us some knowledge about the types of plastic waste will help you make your waste management more efficient.
These numbers and labels identify both the type of resin used to make the plastic and the products recyclability. In wealthier countries, ewaste will stand for 8% of. In wealthier countries, e waste will stand for 8% of the urban waste volume 5. To reduce it, a key priority is to focus on interventions and stewardship to help reduce the quantity of plastic waste generated by society and the. Polycarbonate pc is the most common plastic in this category, isnt used as much in recent years due to it being associated with bisphenol a bpa. In general this does not include excreta, although sometimes nappies and the faeces of young children may be mixed with solid waste. Smart plastics guide plastic products are typically labeled with a number surrounded by the recycling symbol. Electronic waste university of california, berkeley. Disposal of all plastic waste ever generated as of 2015 7 figure 1. In addition, its important to become familiar with an items spi society of the plastics industry code, which is also known as a resin identification number and is used to classify the different types of plastic. Attributionnoncommercial cc bync license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon work noncommercially, and. Plastic that are made up of polymers having only aliphatic linear c atoms in their backbone chains.
Here you can download the free lecture notes of solid waste management pdf notes swm pdf notes materials with multiple file links to download. Plastic pollution in the sea is a symptom of a more systemic issue originating on land and related to the design, the use and the disposal of plastic items, particularly singleuse packaging. A global problem of today is the large amount of waste in the seas and oceans, primarily plastic waste. Shredding of plastic waste and dislodging dust and impurities. Since solid waste consist of several types of waste, it is important to briefly examine the various forms and types of solid waste. Different waste types require different treatment, so the first step in waste treatment is to define the waste type involved. Chapter 7 solid waste management solid waste refers here to all nonliquid wastes. In highrise buildings the waste is picked up by the building maintenance personnel, or special vertical chutes are provided to deliver the waste to a central location for storage, processing, or resource recovery. Although early forms of plastics were already in existence during the mid19th.
As a result, the united nations has imposed a ban on waste plastic trade unless it meets certain criteria. Compounding or blending is the process of combining two or more types of plastic materials by melting, molding, and cooling them into different shapes. Plastic wastes in the municipal solid waste msw stream and in the industrial sector are discussed in this book. Waste, is a combination of used or unwanted electronic products that have exceeded their shelf life. Solid waste in the united states in 1988 municipal wastes alonethat is, the solid wastes sent by households, business, and municipalities to local landfills and other waste disposal facilitiesequalled 163 million metric tons 1980 million u. Although recently there has been a slight decrease in plastic production, this is unlikely to be. A hab can occur in fresh, marine salt, and brackish a mixture of fresh and salt water bodies around the world 14. Pdf plastic waste management rules 2016 training ppt. Code 7 is used to designate miscellaneous types of plastic not defined by the other six codes. Habs have occurred in every region of the united states 5. Segregation as a means of managing waste has become a huge deal globally over the past couple of decades. The global e waste production is assessed at 2050 mtyear 3, equal to % of the estimated global urban waste production 1636 mt 4, 2. Computer equipment, monitorstvs, cell phones, batteries, stereos, etc.
T ransportation of segreg ated 100 % plastic waste into feeding hopper reactor. Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects and particles e. Environmental pollution, types, causes, impact and. Consider that since people started producing plastic in the middle of the 20th century, we have put an estimated 8300. Municipal solid waste municipal solid waste msw is generated from households, offices, hotels, shops, schools and other institutions. Nonrecyclable plastic waste finds its application in the coprocessing of plastic waste in cement kilns. Pelmanco collect this type of plastic waste and recycle them.
In a lean culture, waste is defined as anything that doesnt add value to your customer. This kind of plastic waste is fully recyclable, although it needs to be fully processed first in order to remove contaminants and any hazardous substances that it may contain. In order to manage waste, the environmental protection agency epa and the solid waste act favor an integrated solid waste management strategy that includes 1 reducing the amount. For hazardous waste focus is given to health care risk waste, pesticides, electronic waste e waste, metallurgical waste and other hazardous waste. Plastics that act as pollutants are categorized into micro, meso, or macro debris, based on size. For hazardous waste focus is given to health care risk waste, pesticides, electronic waste ewaste, metallurgical waste and other hazardous waste. Science for environment policy indepth reports plastic waste. The types of means and facilities that are now used for the recovery of waste materials that have been separated at the source include curbside collection, drop off. Waste management system design to reduce landlling and illegal dumping 18 figure 3. Plastics the facts 2018 an analysis of european plastics production, demand and waste data. Those pollutants which remain consistent in the environment for a long period of time without any change in its original form are called persistent pollutants. Consider that since people started producing plastic in the middle of the 20th century, we have put an estimated 8300 million tons into circulation. The ban has greatly affected recycling industries worldwide, as china had been the worlds largest importer of waste plastics and processed hardto.
Examples of this type of polymers are poly vinyl chloride pvc. Because some types of plastic waste have been added to the united nations basel convention, the option of exporting plastic waste is becoming increasingly difficult. Plastic waste has the additional complication of spanning many policy areas, such as marine management, coastal management, waste management and the regulation of chemicals. Countries importing the waste plastics often lack the capacity to process all the material. Waste can appear in several forms and often it looks like useful work. Solid waste management pdf notes swm pdf notes smartzworld. Also poor waste management practices among residents. Plastic manufacturers and factories throw plastic waste and toxic chemicals into nearby water bodies consequences. Starting in early 2018, the government of china banned the import of several types of waste, including plastics. This article is is licensed under a creative commons attributionnoncommercial 4. The nuisance of plastic waste has many root causes in nairobi. At this time, a large portion of the plastic waste stream is still treated as waste, and there is a large opportunity to recover more of the plastics we use in the united states. Code 7 is used to designate miscellaneous types of.
In order to manage waste, the environmental protection agency epa and the solid waste act favor an integrated solid waste. Waste management has provided recycling services for decades, but today we are determined to expand recycling to more, and more challenging, venues and waste streams. The ban has greatly affected recycling industries worldwide, as china had been the worlds largest importer of waste plastics and processed hardtorecycle plastics for other countries, especially in the west. Plastic packaging waste generation, 2014 million mt 5 figure 1. Understanding the plastic types can help consumers like you make more informed decisions related to your health and the environment. Plastics are macromolecules, formed by polymerization and having the ability to be shaped by the application of reasonable amount of heat. This refers to the use of wastes in industrial processes from which the energy and material form is recovered. Plastic waste management free download as powerpoint presentation. The idea was to make a series of machines that were to decrease the problem of plastic waste throughout the world by reshaping it into new products on a local basis. Companies, organisations, and institutions are now heavily engaged in sorting, organising, and recycling waste products in observance of a more environmentfriendly and responsible practice. Number 7 is for all plastics other than those identified by number 16 and also plastics that may be layered or mixed with other types of plastics, such as bioplastics.
Types of thermo plastics an overview safest choice, use with caution, avoid. Plastic containers are generally inappropriate since these may be blown over by the wind, can easily be removed and may be desirable for alternative uses. The plastic waste trade in the circular economy european. Associated with the different types of resin are potential health risks. The types of means and facilities that are now used for the recovery of waste materials that have been separated at the source include curbside collection, drop off and buy back centers. Ecological and human health impacts 1science for environment policy indepth reports plastic waste. Our experience with plastic has given us some knowledge about the types of plastic waste will help you make your waste management more efficient. Waste act of 1990, which set a goal of diverting 25% of new mexicos municipal solid waste from landfills by 1995 and 50% by july 1, 2000. The 7 types of waste, found in the workshops, can be adapted into any kind of activities, including services. Biomedical waste should be collected and incinerated in incinerators. This requires policymakers, business and other actors to build a more robust and circular economy for plastic in.
Some of the most common types of plastic waste include durable plastic items, plastic wrapping, and plastic bags. The trade in plastic waste has been identified as a main culprit of marine litter. A study on the plastic waste and environmental degradation. Solid waste in the united states in 1988 municipal wastes alonethat is, the solid wastes sent by households, business, and municipalities to local landfills and other wastedisposal facilitiesequalled 163 million metric tons 1980 million u. Plastic pollution will have negative impacts on tourism if it decreases the beauty of our country plastics on beaches can be dangerous to our children and pets. Addition to recycling waste plastics also used in production of energy or in. Assessment of waste management practices among residents of. Microsoft powerpoint plastic waste management author. Items such as disposable coffee cups, plastic food boxes, plastic cutlery and packing foam are made from ps. Dec 26, 2019 some of the most common types of plastic waste include durable plastic items, plastic wrapping, and plastic bags.
The problem of plastic waste and microplastics in the seas. Legal definitions for waste types have not been included in this section, as these will vary by location. Chapter 7 solid waste management choose your language. The major types of waste generated from households were food residues 97. The laboratory results presented in the study favorably suggest the possibility of utilizing plastic material as tensile inclusions in expansive soil to increase the resistance to shear, cbr value and.
The major components are food waste, paper, plastic, rags, metal and. Plastic waste is also integrated with bitumen for laying roads. The plastic bag waste holds second and third positions in india and south africa respectively as one of the items in the marine debris icc, 2003. Plastic fabrication methods that are able to strengthen plastics.
Ecodesign guidelines for plastic packaging finalised by 2020. This range of responses is necessary for such a global problem with such local variation, but to ensure plastic waste does not fall through the holes in the net of. Pdf plastics and strategies for recycling, waste management and. Polypropylene is another plastic that is widely recycled. In the uk, the television documentary blue planet ii played an important role in raising awareness of the issue and its effects on marine life. The materials that cause pollution are of two types. Polystyrene is commonly recycled, but is difficult to do. Plastics are inexpensive and durable, and as a result levels of plastic production by.
Plastics the facts is an analysis of the data related to the production, demand and waste management of plastic materials. The global ewaste production is assessed at 2050 mtyear 3, equal to % of the estimated global urban waste production 1636 mt 4, 2. Types of biomass forest residues tree branches, tops of trunks, stumps, branches, and leaves agricultural residues primarily stalks and leaves, not harvested or removed from the fields, includes corn stover, wheat husk and rice straw industrial waste citrus peels, sugarcane bagasse, milling residues,olive husks energy crops. International coastal cleanup says that the plastic wastes have become a serious threat to the aquatic life. Analysis of plastic waste production and recycling methods. Ecological and human health impacts november 2011 plastic waste is a growing concern and the drivers behind it look set to continue. Disposal and recycling of singleuse plastic packaging and. Quantities of plastic wastes generated, characterization of the wastes, their environmental impact, and management of the waste stream are described. It provides a summary of the quantities and type of plastics in the waste stream and also the main effects of recycling on the plastic material itself.
630 143 1609 1147 744 763 1085 1348 712 535 1251 697 1217 1555 241 1018 1133 1341 675 871 1109 1073 489 123 1392 84 512 1369 125 1326 950 1191 307 1173 1094 1023 805 584 1051 1332 162 584 1013 763 615